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Thank you and good luck.
Eric Morris
President
Sheffield School of Aeronautics

1. What airport condition is reported by the tower when more than one wind condition at different positions on the airport is reported?

Light and variable.
Wind shear.
Frontal passage.

2. Which flight conditions of a large jet airplane create the most severe flight hazard by generating wingtip vortices of the greatest strength?

Heavy, slow, gear and flaps up.
Heavy, slow, gear and flaps down.
Heavy, fast, gear and flaps down.

3. Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be encountered behind large aircraft is created only when that aircraft is

developing lift.
operating at high airspeeds.
using high power settings.

4. Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to

sink below the aircraft generating the turbulence.
rise from the surface to traffic pattern altitude.
accumulate and remain for a period of time at the point where the takeoff roll began.

5. How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

Inward, upward, and around the wingtip.
Counterclockwise when viewed from behind the aircraft.
Outward, upward, and around the wingtip.

6. Which statement is true concerning the wake turbulence produced by a large transport aircraft?

Vortices can be avoided by flying 300 feet below and behind the flightpath of the generating aircraft.
The vortex characteristics of any given aircraft may be altered by extending the flaps or changing the speed.
Wake turbulence behind a propeller-driven aircraft is negligible because jet engine thrust is a necessary factor in the formation of vortices.

7. What effect would a light crosswind have on the wingtip vortices generated by a large airplane that has just taken off?

The upwind vortex will tend to remain on the runway longer than the downwind vortex.
A crosswind will rapidly dissipate the strength of both vortices.
The downwind vortex will tend to remain on the runway longer than the upwind vortex.

8. To avoid the wingtip vortices of a departing jet airplane during takeoff, the pilot should

lift off at a point well past the jet airplane's flightpath.
climb above and stay upwind of the jet airplane's flightpath.
remain below the flightpath of the jet airplane.

9. What wind condition prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest period of time?

Direct tailwind.
Light quartering tailwind.
Light quartering headwind.

10. If you take off behind a heavy jet that has just landed, you should plan to lift off

prior to the point where the jet touched down.
beyond the point where the jet touched down.
at the point where the jet touched down and on the upwind edge of the runway.

11. What action is appropriate when encountering the first ripple of reported clear air turbulence (CAT)?

Extend flaps to decrease wind loading.
Extend gear to provide more drag and increase stability.
Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.

12. If severe turbulence is encountered, which procedure is recommended?

Maintain a constant altitude.
Maintain a constant attitude.
Maintain constant airspeed and altitude.

13. What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?

Five minutes with maximum winds lasting approximately 2 to 4 minutes.
One microburst may continue for as long as an hour.
Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.

14. Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as

1,500 ft/min.
4,500 ft/min.
6,000 ft/min.

15. An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of

40 knots.
80 knots.
90 knots.

16. Which INITIAL cockpit indications should a pilot be aware of when a headwind shears to a calm wind?

indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches up, and altitude decreases.
Indicated airspeed increases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude increases.
Indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude decreases.

17. Which condition would INITIALLY cause the indicated airspeed and pitch to increase and the sink rate to decrease?

Sudden decrease in a headwind component.
Tailwind which suddenly increases in velocity.
Sudden increase in a headwind component.

18. Which INITIAL cockpit indications should a pilot be aware of when a constant tailwind shears to a calm wind?

Altitude increases; pitch and indicated airspeed decrease.
Altitude, pitch, and indicated airspeed decrease.
Attitude, pitch, and indicated airspeed increase.

19. What is the recommended technique to counter the loss of airspeed and resultant lift from wind shear?

Lower the pitch attitude and regain lost airspeed.
Avoid overstressing the aircraft, "pitch to airspeed," and apply maximum power.
Maintain, or increase, pitch attitude and accept the lower-than-normal airspeed indications.

20. Which wind-shear condition results in a loss of airspeed?

Decreasing headwind or tailwind.
Decreasing headwind and increasing tailwind.
Increasing headwind and decreasing tailwind.

21. Which wind-shear condition results in an increase in airspeed?

Increasing tailwind and decreasing headwind.
Increasing tailwind and headwind.
Decreasing tailwind and increasing headwind.

22. Which is a definition of "severe wind shear"?

Any rapid change of horizontal wind shear in excess of 25 knots; vertical shear excepted.
Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater than 500 ft/min.
Any change of airspeed greater than 20 knots which is sustained for more than 20 seconds or vertical speed changes in excess of 100 ft/min.

23. Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately

15 knots.
25 knots.
45 knots.

24. Which airplane performance characteristics should be recognized during takeoff when encountering a tailwind shear that increases in intensity'?

Loss of, or diminished, airspeed performance.
Decreased takeoff distance.
Increased climb performance immediately after takeoff.

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